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NEUROLOGICAL CARE

Acquired Brain Injury

Assessment and therapy for cognitive-communication changes after injury.

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ABI • SPEECH • LANGUAGE • COGNITIVE-COMMUNICATION

Speech, Language & Cognitive-Communication Assessment

The goal is not to collect a score. It is to understand what changed, what still works, and where communication breaks down in real life.

After an acquired brain injury, difficulties can be subtle. A person may speak clearly and still struggle with memory for spoken information, organization, discourse, executive function, reading, writing, social communication or the pace of everyday conversation.

NOT SURE WHERE TO BEGIN?

Tell us a little about what you need.

Whether you're looking for support for a child, yourself, a parent or another family member, start here. We'll help point you toward the right service.

Call 905.886.5941
01
WHAT SHOULD AN ABI COMMUNICATION ASSESSMENT ANSWER?

Three questions matter more than one test score.

BEFORE What could the person do reliably before the injury?

Work • school • household responsibilities • conversations • reading • writing • community participation

NOW What is slower, harder, less accurate or more effortful now?

Listening • remembering • organizing • word finding • reading • writing • conversation • self-monitoring

IMPACT What does that change prevent or make harder in everyday life?

Return to work • academic participation • appointments • family communication • independence • community activity

A comprehensive cognitive-communication assessment connects impairment to function.

It should describe strengths and challenges, activity limitations, participation impact and relevant contextual factors.

02
THE ASSESSMENT HAS LAYERS

What looks like one problem may sit across several communication systems.

LAYER 01 Speech & Motor Speech

Clarity • rate • intelligibility • speech movement when relevant

LAYER 02 Language

Understanding • word finding • sentence formulation • reading • writing

LAYER 03 Cognitive-Communication

Attention • memory • processing • executive function • organization

LAYER 04 Discourse & Social Communication

Story / explanation • topic • inference • perspective • repair • conversational effectiveness

LAYER 05 Function

Work • school • healthcare • family • community • independence

THE PROFILE EMERGES WHERE THE LAYERS OVERLAP That overlap is often where subtle ABI communication difficulties become visible.
03
WHY “THEY CAN STILL DO IT” MAY NOT TELL THE WHOLE STORY

The output can look similar while the cost becomes much higher.

TASK Write a short email.
BEFORE ABI
5 minutes

Plan → write → send

AFTER ABI — POSSIBLE EXPERIENCE
25 minutes + rereading + fatigue

Plan → lose idea → restart → check details → edit → reread → recover

TIME The same task takes much longer.
EFFORT More concentration is required to produce the same result.
FATIGUE Performance may decline as cognitive load accumulates.
RELIABILITY The person may complete the task sometimes, but not consistently.
Assessment should capture more than success versus failure.

Time, effort, strategy use, consistency and functional impact can be clinically important.

04
WHERE DOES THE EVIDENCE COME FROM?

A strong assessment is built like a case file, not a quiz.

FILE A

HISTORY & INTERVIEW

Injury history • communication before injury • client concerns • family / partner observations • education / work demands

FILE B

STRUCTURED MEASURES

Standardized and non-standardized tasks selected for the person’s profile.

FILE C

DISCOURSE SAMPLES

Stories • explanations • conversation • connected language.

FILE D

FUNCTIONAL TASKS

Reading • writing • planning • communication activities related to daily life.

FILE E

CONTEXT & PARTICIPATION

Home • healthcare • community • academic • return-to-work demands.

FILE F

TEAM INFORMATION

Relevant information from other professionals and caregivers when available and appropriate.

THE REPORT SHOULD SYNTHESIZE THE FILES not simply list test scores one after another.
05
WHY CONNECTED LANGUAGE MATTERS

A person can name objects correctly and still have difficulty organizing a real message.

SAMPLE EXPLANATION — ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY

“So I called them because I had to change it, and then they told me Tuesday — actually I think it was Thursday — and I was trying to ask about the paper from the other doctor, but then we were talking about the appointment again…”

ORGANIZATION Is the sequence easy for a listener to follow?
COHESION Are the relationships between ideas clear?
INFORMATION SELECTION Are important details included without losing the main point?
SELF-MONITORING Does the person notice when the message becomes unclear?
COGNITIVE LOAD What happens when memory and language have to work simultaneously?
This sample is not diagnostic.

Discourse analysis looks for patterns across appropriate tasks and contexts, interpreted alongside the rest of the assessment.

06
FROM TEST PERFORMANCE TO FUNCTIONAL PROFILE

A score is evidence. It is not the whole conclusion.

MEASURED PERFORMANCE Scores + observations
+
REAL-LIFE DEMANDS Work + school + home + community
+
CONTEXT Fatigue + environment + supports + barriers
=
FUNCTIONAL PROFILE What the person can do, where it breaks down, and what support may help.
Cognitive-communication assessment is designed to identify strengths and weaknesses as well as activity, participation and contextual impact.
07
WHAT SHOULD COME OUT OF THE ASSESSMENT?

The report should turn evidence into a usable next-step plan.

ASSESSMENT REPORT Speech • Language • Cognitive-Communication

Individualized to the referral question and communication profile.

01
STRENGTHS

What remains effective?

Important abilities and supports that can be used in rehabilitation.

02
CHALLENGES

What is impaired, inconsistent or unusually effortful?

Speech, language, cognitive-communication and functional findings.

03
FUNCTIONAL IMPACT

How does this affect everyday participation?

Work, school, family, community, healthcare and independence.

04
RECOMMENDATIONS

What support is appropriate next?

Therapy, strategies, accommodations, referrals and partner/team recommendations when indicated.

08
THE ASSESSMENT SHOULD POINT BACK TO THE PERSON'S DAY

Different referral goals reveal different communication demands.

RETURN TO WORK

Meetings, email, multitasking, deadlines

Can the person process information quickly enough, organize responses, remember action items and communicate reliably under workload?

RETURN TO SCHOOL

Lectures, reading, writing, assignments

Can the student learn from complex language, take notes, retain instructions, organize written work and advocate for support?

HEALTHCARE

Appointments, instructions, decisions

Can the person explain symptoms, understand recommendations, remember next steps and ask needed questions?

HOME & COMMUNITY

Schedules, family, errands, social life

Can communication and memory supports help the person participate with greater consistency and independence?

“Return to function” is not one generic goal.

The assessment should identify the specific communication demands of the roles the person is trying to resume.

09
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE ASSESSMENT?

Assessment should create direction — not another document that sits in a file.

FROM FINDINGS TO REHABILITATION A treatment plan can be built around the profile, priorities and functional goals.

EDUCATE — understand strengths, challenges and how communication changed.

RESTORE — work directly on impaired communication or cognitive-communication skills when appropriate.

COMPENSATE — use strategies, external supports and environmental modifications.

PRACTISE — apply skills in meaningful, increasingly real-life communication tasks.

COLLABORATE — coordinate with family and relevant rehabilitation, healthcare or academic professionals.

10
COGNITIVE-COMMUNICATION ASSESSMENT FAQ

Questions clients, families and referral sources often ask.

What is a cognitive-communication assessment?

It is a speech-language pathology assessment of how cognitive processes such as attention, memory, processing and executive function affect communication activities including listening, speaking, reading, writing and conversation.

Who performs a cognitive-communication assessment?

Cognitive-communication assessment is within the scope of appropriately trained speech-language pathologists, who may work collaboratively with the person, family and other members of the rehabilitation or healthcare team.

Why can communication problems be missed after a brain injury?

Some difficulties are subtle and may become most apparent in complex real-life situations involving memory, attention, organization, social communication or several demands at the same time.

Is cognitive testing alone enough to assess communication?

Cognitive test results can provide useful information, but an SLP assessment specifically examines how cognitive and linguistic processes affect communication activities and participation.

What areas can the assessment examine?

Depending on the referral question, assessment may examine speech, language, verbal memory, executive function, discourse, social communication, reading, writing and functional communication.

Can the assessment relate to return to work or school?

Yes. When work or academic participation is part of the referral question, the assessment can consider the communication demands of those environments and make relevant recommendations.

What happens after the assessment?

Findings may lead to recommendations for therapy, strategies, accommodations, partner education, further referral or collaboration with other professionals, depending on the person’s needs.

Do you provide cognitive-communication assessments in Toronto and the GTA?

Speech Therapy Centres of Canada provides speech, language and cognitive-communication assessment services across Toronto and surrounding GTA communities. Contact the clinic to confirm the appropriate service and location.

TORONTO • GTA • ONTARIO

Cognitive-Communication Assessment in Toronto & Across the GTA

Speech Therapy Centres of Canada provides cognitive-communication assessments in Toronto and the GTA for individuals experiencing communication changes after acquired brain injury, traumatic brain injury, concussion, stroke or other neurological injury.

An ABI speech-language assessment in Toronto may examine speech, language, verbal memory, executive function, discourse, social communication, reading, writing and the functional impact of communication changes.

Assessment findings can support treatment planning and recommendations related to home, rehabilitation, work, school, family interaction and community participation.

Toronto & York Region

Toronto • North York • Scarborough • Markham • Richmond Hill • Vaughan • Aurora • Newmarket • Thornhill

Peel, Durham & Other Ontario Service Areas

Mississauga • Brampton • Burlington • Ajax • Pickering • Whitby • Oshawa • Ottawa • Sudbury

WHEN THE CHANGE IS SUBTLE, THE ASSESSMENT HAS TO LOOK DEEPER

Build a communication profile that explains what daily life is actually asking of the person.

Tell us what changed after the injury and where the difficulty is showing up now. We can help determine the appropriate speech, language and cognitive-communication assessment pathway.

NOT SURE WHERE TO BEGIN?

Tell us a little about what you need.

Whether you're looking for support for a child, yourself, a parent or another family member, start here. We'll help point you toward the right service.

Call 905.886.5941